Characterising Mesenchymal Stem Cells Health And Social Care Essay

This abstract is related to a seminar delivered by Dr. Platt sing Isolation of Mesenchymal root cells from kids ‘s dentitions and geographic expedition of their function in tissue fix. The seminar provided a comprehensive overview of root cells before concentrating on Mesenchymal root cells ( MSCs ) from the dental mush of kids deciduous dentitions. By definition, â€Å" a root cell is an unspecialised cell that can both self-renew and distinguish into functional phenotypes † ( Grad et al. , 2012 ) . Stem cells are divided into two chief groups: embryologic root cells ( ESCs ) and big root cells ( ASCs ) ( of bodily beginning ) . ESCs derive from blastocyte phase and are capable to give rise to all sorts of cells. Therefore, ESCs are considered pluripotent. On the contrary, ASCs are merely multipotent because they have restricted distinction potency ( Barbara et al. , 2011 ) . Stem cells give rise to different cell types, and are classii ¬?ed into totipotent, pluripote nt, and multipotent harmonizing to their grade of distinction or potency ( Arce et al. , 2007 ) . Totipotency is the ability to organize all cell types including the full foetus and placenta. Pluripotency is the ability to organize several cell types of all three sources beds ( exoderm, mesoblast and entoderm ) excepting excess embryologic tissues. Multipotency is the ability of giving rise to a limited scope of cells and tissues appropriate to their location such as Mesenchymal root cells ( MSCs ) ( Mirzapour et al. , 2011 ) . MSCs are ASCs with mesoblastic and neuroectodermal beginning ( Barbara et al. , 2011 ) .For case, MSCs possess an drawn-out grade of malleability compared to other ASCs populations, including the ability to distinguish in vitro into non-mesodermal cell types such as nerve cells and astrocytes. MSCs, in add-on to their multipotency, are easy to be isolated and cultured in vitro and they do non seemingly represent an ethical issue based on their beginning of beginning ( Barbara et al. , 2011 ) . The first unequivocal markers of MSCs were proposed in a new survey of Pittenger et al. , the group who besides developed consistent in vitro checks of MSC multipotentiality towards bone, gristle, and fat line of descents ( Pittenger et al. , 1999 ) . These MSC markers correspond to CD105 and CD73 molecules, severally. Of note, CD stands for â€Å" bunch of distinction † , the standard terminology for cell surface molecules ( Boxall et al. , 2012 ) . These two markers alongside CD90 are positively expressed on MSCs and remain the primary molecules used to place MSCs by the International Society of Cell Therapy ( ISCT ) place statement ( Dominici et al. , 2006 ) . The ISCT place statement besides advices that MSCs should be negative for the look of CD11b or CD14, CD19 or CD79a, CD34, CD45, and HLA-DR ( Dominici et al. , 2006 ) . MSCs harvested from assorted beginnings, such as bone marrow, adipose tissue and dental mush, have been tested for their periodontic tissue regeneration potency. MSCs have shown improved efficaciousness and duplicability compared to current clinical pattern ( Tobita & A ; Mizuno, 2011 ) . Tooth derived cells are readily accessible and supply an easy and minimally invasive manner to obtain and hive away root cells for future usage. Obtaining root cells from human exfoliated deciduous dentitions ( SHED ) of kids is simple and convenient. Every kid loses primary dentitions, which creates the perfect chance to retrieve and hive away this convenient beginning of root cells — should they be needed to handle future hurts or complaints and nowadayss a far better alternate to merely flinging the dentition or hive awaying them as souvenir from the yesteryear. Stem cells can besides be recovered from developing wisdom dentitions and lasting dentition. Persons have different chances at different phases of their life to bank these valuable cells ( Arora et al. , 2009 ) . However, it is best to retrieve root cells when a kid is immature and healthy and the cells are strong and proliferative ( Arora et al. , 2009 ) .In fact, the research of Dr. Platt showed that dental mush cells from 2 twelvemonth old female have increased attachment to plastic than those of 3 twelvemonth old female after 11-days post-seeding. SHED are instead freshly discovered MSC ( Miura et al. , 2003 ) . When compared with grownup bone marrow stromal root cells ( BMSSCs ) and dental mush root cells ( DPSCs ) , SHED of kids showed a higher proliferation rate ( Fig.A 1 ) and a higher figure of population duplicating ( Miura et al. , 2003 ) and interestingly express many of nervous cell markers in the cell civilization ( Huang et al. 2009 ) . Therefore, root cells from dental mush ( largely SHED from younger kids ) demonstrate increased multipotentiality and capableness to renew multiple dental/periodontal tissues in vitro and in vivo compared with MSCs from other niches ( Huang, 2009 ) . Fig1: Datas obtained from Miura et al. , 2003 Dental mush root cells can be preserved for long periods without losing their multipotential distinction ability ( Laino et al. , 2005 ) . The dental mush plays a major function in tooth regeneration after hurt, by take parting in a procedure called reparative dentinogenesis. An ideal signifier of therapy might dwell of regenerative attacks in which diseased or necrotic mush tissues are removed and replaced with regenerated mush tissues to regenerate the dentition ( Sun et al. , 2010 ) . In fact, Dr. Platt isolated MSCs from deciduous dental mush ( SHELD ) by the enzyme-digestion method. This method involves the aggregation of the mush tissue under unfertile conditions, the digestion with appropriate enzymes ( collagenase, dispase, and trypsin ) for 90min at 37EsC/5 % CO2, the seeding in civilization dishes incorporating a particular medium supplemented with necessary additives, and so the incubation at 37A °C. It can be concluded from Dr. Platt research informations that Mesenchymal root cells from kids dental mush are fictile adherent cells with a fibroblastic morphology. These cells signifier settlements in vitro which is declarative of a stem/progenitor cell. In fact, it was proved that these mush cells have multi-lineage distinction potency in vitro, into several cell types including nervous primogenitors, chondrocytes, endothelocytes, adipocytes, smooth musculus cells and bone-forming cells ( Sloan & A ; Waddington, 2009 ) . To day of the month, several surgical techniques have been developed to renew periodontic tissues. The clinical result of presently available techniques is undependable, although assorted intervention modes have shown regenerative potency. Progresss in root cell biological science have yielded promising consequences in vitro and in vivo, proposing that future applications in dental medicine may be accomplishable ( Tobita & A ; Mizuno, 2011 ) .

Psychology of Color - 2625 Words

Psychology Research Paper 1/23/11 The Psychology of Color The brain receives signals from three different color channels: red, blue, and green. When the brain receives a mix of these signals, we perceive colors that are mixtures of these three primary colors through a process called color addition (Think Quest â€Å"Color Psychology†). All colored visible light can be expressed as either mixtures or consistencies of red, blue, or green, which by perception between the eyes and the brain, produces the vast spectrum of color that exists to humans and other organisms alike. With the ability to alter our moods and bodily functions, color has more of an impact on us than we may realize. Each color produces different effects on†¦show more content†¦How much money would you be willing to spend on your date? (Science Daily). The results of the experiment showed that under all conditions, the women wearing or framed by red were rated significantly higher in attractiveness and sexual desirability than the exac t same woman shown with any other color. Those whose favorite color is red are typically outgoing, impulsive, aggressive, and restless in personality. Red is a color chosen by those who carry an open nature and a zest for life (Annie B. Bond, â€Å"Your Favorite Color: What it Says About You†). Orange is a color that commands much attention. It represents warmth, enthusiasm, exuberance, liveliness and is also associated with Thanksgiving and Halloween (Nicholson). Physiologically, orange can stimulate the sexual organs, benefit the digestive system, and strengthen the immune system. It incites activity, socialization, and due to its hate-it-or-love-it quality, it also sparks controversy (Smith). Psychologically, orange relieves feelings of self-pity, lack of self worth, and unwillingness to forgive. It can also open emotions, increase energy, and even serve as a perceptual antidepressant (Think Quest). Due to its association with arrogance, danger, and over-emotion, a survey proves that orange has been labeled as â€Å"America’s Least Favorite Color† (Laurie Pawlik-Kienlen â€Å"The SubconsciousShow MoreRelatedColor Psychology975 Words   |  4 PagesColor is defined as â€Å"the quality of an object or substance with respect to light reflected by the object, usually determined visually by measurement of hue, saturation, and brightness of the reflected light; saturation or chroma; hue† (Webster’s Dictionary). Color is an extremely powerful psychological tool used across the globe. Our world would be bland and boring without the use of color in our everyday lives. Using color psychology can encourage sales, calm a crowd, and even help a person sendRead MoreEssay on Color Psychology886 Words   |  4 PagesColor Psychology Like death and taxes, there is no escaping color. It is ubiquitous. Yet what does it all mean? Why are people more relaxed in green rooms? Why do weightlifters do their best in blue gyms? It is a well-known fact that color influences mood and feeling in common experience, however, the field of color psychology is still not well understood. Research on the psychological aspects of color is difficult for the mere reason that human emotions are not very stable and the psychicRead MoreTaking a Look at Color Psychology2171 Words   |  9 Pagesbig contender is color. Using color psychology, companies manipulate people to buy from their brand by incorporating particular colors into their marketing strategies and increasing the vulnerability people have when making purchases. The bottom line of a business is to make the biggest profit possible and they do so by establishing relationships with their costumers. Color is an important aspect in the marketing and advertising industry. 90% of snap judgments are based on the color of a product aloneRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Its Branches960 Words   |  4 Pages 1: for iRp number, i chose to study different ways psychology has impacted humans and their knowledge about the mind and human behavior. 2: My guiding question was what impact has psychology had on humans? 3: My thesis statement was Psychology has had a positive impact on humans by giving researchers information about the brain and human behavior. My thesis statement was correct because psychology has helped humans understand the reason behind mental disabilities, mind functions and mindRead MoreThe Theory Of Psychology And Psychology1507 Words   |  7 Pagesare built. The same can be said for psychology. This field has evolved greatly to be considered a science. Psychology has to go through similar process like hard sciences did before it. Psychology has to become widely acceptable by the public, not that psychology hasn’t earned the right to be called a Science with a capital† S†. As we advance throughout time psychology, is trying to grow into a â€Å"P† that is inclusive to all forms and perspectives of psychology and as the people that are involved fromRead MoreEssay on The Human Response to Physical Structure1583 Words   |  7 Pagesexperience of a space. The German word gestalt means form or shape. Gestalt psychology attempts to investigate the human mind and how it conceives of or recognizes patterns. Scientists believe the human mind is wired to search for import and significance in sensory information input. This wiring may be the evolutionary result of hundreds of thousands of years of human development. â€Å"Human instinct for survival was based upon changes in color in the environment (to seek shelter upon lower light levels indicatingRead MoreColor And Its Effect On Our Lives1484 Words   |  6 Pagescan see over 1 million colors? (https://petapixel.com/2016/03/30/people-can-see-100-times-colors/)The colors are based off primary colors, red, blue and yellow, which are the basis of all other shades and can t be created by combining other colors. If all three primary colors are mixed together in equal amounts, they will make black. Secondary colors are used to describe the three colors that are created by mixing two p rimary colors together. Tertiary colors are the colors that come from mixing oneRead MoreColor and Mood1595 Words   |  7 Pagesmanipulation of the color of questionnaire had no effect on mood. However, there was an effect of time of day on mood as well as an effect of gender on mood. The results did not support the main hypothesis that different colors would elicit different moods. Thus, this study found no support for the prediction that brighter colors would elicit positive moods, whereas less bright colors would elicit negative moods. These results do not support past research findings that brighter colors tend to elicitRead More Comparing Symbols and Symbolism in Blue Hotel, Black Cat, Night, Alfred Prufrock, Red Wheelbarrow1620 Words   |  7 PagesColor Symbolism in Blue Hotel,  Black Cat, Night,  Alfred Prufrock,  Red Wheelbarrow      Ã‚  Ã‚   Symbolism of colors is evident in much of literature. The Blue Hotel by Stephen Crane, The Black Cat of Edgar Allan Poe, Night by William Blake, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock by T. S. Eliot, and The Red Wheelbarrow by William Carlos Williams encompass examples of color symbolism from both the prose and the poetry of literature. When drawing from various modes of psychology, interpretationsRead MoreHow Color And The Affects It Has On The Human Brain982 Words   |  4 PagesColor is any hue, tint, or shade of light that can be separated as in a spectrum or rainbow—as defined by the Oxford English Dictionary. There have been many studies concerning color and the affects it has on the human brain. According to Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe, a eighteenth century writer, each color evokes a different emotion or sensation, which can be seen and studied using a prism, â€Å"the grand instrument in the experimental field of research into light.† So why does colo r matter in marketing

Essay about Sustainable Design - 1184 Words

Sustainable design has steadily become the architecture catch phrase of the day, being thrown around to make us aware that everything we â€Å"design† has an environmental burden. Many designers, architects and builders have installed the â€Å"idea of green† into their buildings to demonstrate a potential to improve performance and reduce costs through sustainable strategies. One of the main methods of creating sustainability in buildings is with passive design. It has been applied by architects and engineers to achieve highly thermally insulated structures with low energy use. With rising prices and political pressures energy economy has become a key feature in a lot of contemporary buildings. Green star is Australia’s primary â€Å"green† large†¦show more content†¦As you descend the stairs through the Walter Young Garden, you finally are greeted with new facade of Innova21, standing out amongst the bricks and mortar of its surroundings. Its si mple double skinned glass facade mixed in with the strong horizontality of the circulation slicing through, helps frame the main entrance into the building and clearly shows you not only where to enter the building, but how you move around in it. As you are drawn into the lobby the open bright echoey space blurs the lines between the inside and outside, with a roof made of a substance called ETFE it connects you with nature by sight and sound, while keeping you sheltered from the elements. The space also forms a connection between the existing building next to it, making the area not apart of either building but a shared space. Once actually inside the building one of the most noticeable features is how quiet the building itself is, without the background noise from an overly intrusive air-conditioning system, the sounds of the people and activity of the spaces dominates your ear. The internal circulation spaces are clearly seen as they are well lit and decorated with a nice homage to the existing building that was on the site, having used the timber recycled from it and on display as a main feature of the interior. then dynamic The building is laid out in a manner so that the most populated areas, with higher traffic, can be accessed easily using theShow MoreRelatedSustainable Development : Sustainable Design Essay1925 Words   |  8 Pages Introduction Sustainable designs has become an important part of the modern world, many people are thinking about it but in a superficially way. In most of the cases the  ´Ã‚ ´Sustainable ´Ã‚ ´ word is related to modernism, economic efficiency, technology, etc. The reality is this term is badly used, a sustainable design is that one who try to not damage the environment, really care about the health and the comfort of those ones who will use the building (occupants), try to reduce the use of non-renewableRead MoreSustainable Design Versus Aesthetic Design1213 Words   |  5 PagesDesign is that area of human experience, where skill and knowledge is concerned with man’s ability to mould the environment according to his material and spiritual needs. It is used to analyse and identify problems to find an appropriate solution. Designers have created all kind of functional designs to help improve people’s lives. They were interested in the nature of beauty, art, and taste and wi th the creation and appreciation of beauty. Although there are examples of pre-historic art, theyRead More Sustainable Design and Construction Essay example2227 Words   |  9 Pagesthe realm of design. Sustainable design, or â€Å"green building,† looks to create high performance buildings that improve our health as well as the health of the environment we live in. What is Green Building? According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), â€Å"Green or sustainable building is the practice of creating healthier and more resource-efficient models of construction, renovation, operation, maintenance, and demolition.†2 Among the many constituents of sustainable design are improvementsRead MoreSustainability Or Sustainable Development And Sustainability Design1589 Words   |  7 PagesThe essay topic I will be looking into in detail is â€Å"Sustainability has become central to modern life and often causes controversy. Choose an artefact that could be defined as sustainable and analyse it, considering its functional, ethical and aesthetic characteristics†. The reason for choosing this topic is to consider the damaged done to the environment, ecosystem and wildlife to do what we as the public wants in our daily life. The research will explore new ways of manufacturing, producing energyRead MoreProject Analysis : Sustainable Web Design1771 Words   |   8 PagesAlexandr Ivaschenko Laura Hohlwein General Education Capstone 06/08/15 Sustainable Web Design The need for sustainability in the Internet technology sector is brought about by the fact that the digital economy consumes around 10 percent of the global electricity. The share of electricity by the ICT sector may present a serious consequence to the economy and the environment as a whole. According to research, iPhones consume the same amount of energy as the fridges within a year. Accordingly, thereRead MoreDesign Of A Sustainable Design1251 Words   |  6 Pagesknow today as sustainable architectural design began in the early 20th century; born and evolved from principles and theories of architects in addition to physical devices all which precursor those in today sustainable architecture. These premature design elements, and theories are visible in works such as Le Corbusier’s early 20th century, Villa Savoye; and Alvar Aalto’s mid-20th century, Villa Mairea. Reviewing and rereading these building’s physical designs and their architects design thinking weRead MoreThe Rise Of Sustainable Design1365 Words   |  6 Pagesits importance, can be seen in the designed sites that function in harmony with the landscape and natural systems. The rise of sustainable design can be contributed to the advocacy of environmentalism through organizations and increase of designers with environmental philosophies. Michael Manfredi and Marion Weiss are examples of such designers, bringing sustainable design to the public realm. Influenced by their social and cultural experiences, Weiss and Manfredi bring together the architecturalRead MoreThe Concept Of Sustainable Design1007 Words   |  5 Pageselements and sub-elements of the LEED were summarized, in order to apply it to the design courses in accordance with the content of each course. Figure (--) contains the types of certificates of LEED and then projects that can be applied to them with the priority of application on projects. Where the symbol (†¢) expr esses the priority value as follows: The student is asked to study the functional relationship between the design elements and their relationship within the site layout and the surrounding environmentRead MoreGreen Design Using The Emerging Technology1687 Words   |  7 PagesThe architects have been working tirelessly to come up with green design using the emerging technology as a way of enhancing sustainability not only on the structure, but also to the environment. However, Ghani (21) notes that in order to have a sustainable environment, there is a need to create environmentally responsible minds. The scholar says that we cannot achieve sustainable development if the members of the society do not appreciate and uphold the principles of sustainability. The role ofRead MoreStructural Steel And Sustainability Of Construction Materials1388 Words   |  6 Pagesthe design of the structure. The design of buildings and structural steel fabrication are closely related through the idea of Building Information Modeling, or BIM. This process ensures that materials are being used more efficiently along with creating fewer field changes and reduced environmental impact. The design process can tend to have two different paths: design-bid-build and design-build. Design-build is making a strong move into the industry, encouraging the full integration of design and

Teaching And Mentoring Experience For Undergraduate Students

Teaching and Mentoring Experience Teaching has been a fundamental component of my academic training. I have been actively involved in teaching, tutoring, and mentoring high school and undergraduate research students throughout my doctoral and postdoctoral work at the City University of New York (CUNY). I taught General Chemistry (I II) laboratory courses and recitation sections at CUNY for four years. I volunteered as a physical chemistry tutor for undergraduate students from CUNY. At St. John s College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, my teaching assignment included a General Chemistry Laboratory course that also involved a synergistic approach to conducting several laboratory sessions guided simultaneously by two instructors. Along with Dr. Ruth Stark and her graduate students at City College, I designed a curriculum for a biophysics foundation course (â€Å"Touring the tomato: A suite of chemistry laboratory experiments†) geared for undergraduate and high school students seeking research experience through CUNY’s College Now program. The eight-module course introduces a panel of analytical techniques for studying the structural properties of biopolymers obtained from an inexpensive source such as the tomato fruit at increasingly detailed molecular levels. In its final phase, students design independent research projects related to structural investigations of various biomaterials obtained from fruits and vegetables. We tested our new curriculum by giving a summerShow MoreRelatedBucknell University Personal Statement996 Words   |  4 Pagesno: 493839). Currently, I am an Assistant Clinical Professor and Research Educator in the Designing Innovations (DI) Research Stream in the First-Ye ar Innovation and Research Experience (FIRE) at the University of Maryland, College Park (UMD). I have had various teaching and mentoring experiences with undergraduate students since 2013. I am currently leading the DI Research Stream which provides a unique opportunity to mentor and teach engineering design and design research to freshmen and sophomoresRead MoreResearch1168 Words   |  5 PagesMy research themes and scholarly interests focus on interdisciplinary science education for both undergraduate science majors and non-science majors. I plan to look into the design and development of new functional materials1,2 that could go beyond the conventional molecular dimensions2 and include bioinspired assemblies, supramolecular architectures, and nanoscale materials. Molecular assembly,2 a key feature of natural â€Å"active† materials, appears to be important for the chemical origins of lifeRead MoreScholarly Interest Essay1084 Words   |  5 Pageson the building blocks of life: Nanoscale materials for investigating biologically inspired and environmentally importa nt systems. Objectives: My research themes and scholarly interests center on interdisciplinary science education for both undergraduate science majors and non-science majors. I plan to look into the design and development of new functional materials1,2 that could go beyond the conventional molecular dimensions2 and include bioinspired assemblies, supramolecular architectures,Read MoreThe Entering Mentoring Program828 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Formal mentoring programs are ubiquitous on college campuses and yet there is a lack of high quality training for mentoring participants online. The Entering Mentoring training is a notable exception (more here). However, this training is in person. More here about lack of inclusive mentoring / cultural intelligence. This paper reviews the development efforts for two online training modules that reflect cultural intelligence and an online delivery format. Both training programs drewRead MoreNannomaterials1034 Words   |  5 PagesMy scholarly research interests center on interdisciplinary science education for both undergraduate science majors and non-science majors. Molecular assembly is a key feature of natural and engineered supramolecular materials. Highly selective biomolecular recognition can guide the formation of â€Å"smart† bioinspired materials,1 playing fundamental roles in the development of novel supramolecular designs, bio-conjugated hybrid nanostructures, and self-assembled soft matter with potential use in mechanicalRead MoreStatement of Teaching Philosophy, and My Experience Teaching Chemistry in India1063 Words   |  5 PagesStatement of Teaching Philosophy â€Å"A teacher can never truly teach unless he is still learning himself. A lamp can never light another lamp unless it continues to burn its own flame. The teacher who has come to the end of his subject, who has no living traffic with his knowledge but merely repeats his lesson to his students, can only load their minds, he cannot quicken them.† †¦ Rabindranath Tagore (Nobel prize in literature in 1913) This is my favorite quotation because it express what, I thinkRead MoreStudent Application Essay1742 Words   |  7 Pagespostdoctoral work, I came to appreciate three things about science education: (1) better educational experience occurs in a small group; (2) it is easiest to learn science by doing science; (3) skills gained through science education are important for success in all kinds of careers. These experiences and realizations led me to a career at a small liberal arts school where teaching, research, and mentoring are all highly valued. Throughout my careers, I have initiated and led teams of as many as threeRead MoreWhat Is The Importance Of Teaching Courses At The Rice University?1290 Words   |  6 Pagescourses at undergraduate and graduate levels. The large variety of audiences, ranging from undergraduate juniors, professional masters, first-year graduate students, and advanced graduate students majored in nuclear and particle physics, required me to develop different teaching objectives and approaches. I have received strong positive feedback from the students. I am mentoring a highly productive research group consisting of postdoc fellows, graduate students, and undergraduate students. PostdocRead MoreEssay Application Letter For Application890 Words   |  4 Pagesinterdisciplinary and team-oriented applied biophysical chemist, I have pursued a cross-functional career in scientific research, teaching, mentoring. My interdisciplinary academic training has prepared me to teach and mentor students at various levels and conduct my own original research with education specialties. I directly mentored several high school and undergraduate research students from diverse cultural and academic backgrounds, helped them design their research projects, and found ways to integrateRead MoreThe Student Center For Science Engagement1535 Words   |  7 PagesThe Student Center for Science Engagement (SCSE) at Northeastern Illinois University (NEIU), a Hispanic Serving Institution (HSI), was established in 2008 with the mission to support students majoring in science, technology, engineering and mathematics STEM disciplines with the challenges they face in their academic and ca reer development. Mentoring relationships, critical components of the SCSE’s influence, are fostered by the SCSE’s advisors, mostly Ph.D.-level minority scientists. Accessibility

Discuss Computers/ Telecom Convergence and Revolution Free Essays

In a global study conducted by IBM and the Economics Intelligence Unit (IEU), around 80 percent of respondents (telecom executives) affirm the importance of convergence in raking in profits (IBM, 2005). Voice and data convergence is seen as the one that would have the biggest effect, with fixed/ mobile access technology, telecom and media convergence, and IP/IT network convergence lagging behind (2005). ‘Convergence’ has been a buzz word way back in the sixties, something that affects technology, economics, legal/regulatory, and human aspects of a society. We will write a custom essay sample on Discuss Computers/ Telecom Convergence and Revolution or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this Information Age, convergence allows us to do more things conveniently. But what but exactly is ‘convergence’? ‘Convergence’ is defined as â€Å"coming together or towards the same point† (Thompson, 1996). The term fits in the telecommunications world for it signifies movement using a single medium. It occurs in four categories- transport, switching, application, and telecommunications/information technology (Fowler, 2002, p. 12). See table below. Figure 1. The Four Levels of Convergence (Fowler, 2002, p. 13) The idea behind convergence is that it should not just improve productivity, but also provide a better Return on Investment (Fowler, 2002, p. 15). Convergence, by any means, is aimed to provide make life easier both for the manufacturer (lower cost, easier management, less maintenance) and at the consumer-end (easy to use, new or improved services) In the 1960s, convergence in the transport level began, with the conversion of the telephone system to digitalization, bringing us the first T-carrier services (p. 12). Since it was barely new at that time, the Bell System was able to monopolize these services (p. 12). On the other hand, convergence at the switching level initially went by the term integration (Fowler, 2002, p. 3). Every seven years, an integrated solution is presented. A rundown of these is presented below: 1975: Satellite Business Systems’ The One- a digital controller with satellite access for integrated voice, data, and video 1982: Integrated Voice/ data private branch exchange or PBX 1988: Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) 1995: Broadband ISDN or BISDN (p. 13) Some of these so-called ‘integrations’ were huge hits but on the whole, they fizzled out. Sprint, for instance, lost around $ billion when its Integrated-On-Demand (ION) services panned out (Fowler, 2002, p. 4). ION was targeted as a solution to those numerous voice and data networks by allowing the users to do voice, data, video, Intranet/Internet and fax applications utilizing a single connection (p. 14). However, the company was able to sign up around 4000 customers only (p. 14). Even its VP of Design has admitted having problems brought on by ION (p. 14). Convergence at the application level pertains to information delivery from various sources, whether data, audio, video or graphics (Fowler, 2002, p. 24). The Internet and the intranet are examples of this. In this Information Age, the Internet has become the greatest source of information of practically anything. Users have infiltrated it so much that one click on the Internet could come up with millions of user-generated content. Time Magazine has seen this phenomenon, naming the people or â€Å"you† as its Person of the Year 2006 in its year-ender issue. Even video uploading has crept into the World Wide Web, with over 65,000 new videos uploaded every day (Cloud, 2006, p. 46). Convergence at the telecommunications/IT deals with accessing a single resource to do multiple chores (Fowler, 2003, p. 5). In a way, it is an integration of transport, switching and telecommunication and a wider scale. For example ASP or Application Service Providers are IT-based processing units that divest certain tasks from web sites. ASP is currently losing its own battle with companies taking of ASP-units. The IBM study indicates that the drive towards convergence is brought on by four things- competition, demand for broadband access, technological innovation, and IP- networks- enabled income growth (IBM, 2005). These set the motion for telecom convergence. In a research conducted by the Deloitte Touche group, it found out that convergence may cause also problems for the industry. The group interviewed telecom executives to assess telecoms predictions. Among its findings is the continuous need to innovate and reinvent. The Internet, for instance, has reached its peak with its explosive growth (Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu, 2007, p. 4). Demand is high which may lead to a growth in traffic. More so now with the demand of online videos, this may affect the transfer on the Internet’s backbone (p. 4). This very same influx may likewise clog the system, thereby slowing down its service. It is important to note that any Internet viewer wants high-speed access. Any service slowdown, even just in seconds, may case customer satisfaction. This should serve as a precaution to telecom businesses. It may also open a window to new technologies to address these problems. Broadband application is very much in demand now. Companies should take advantage of this. Either they are able to supply the demand or bold enough create other broadband appliances other than the Internet. Broadband appliances could usher in a new era in telecom convergence. Moving on. The mobile sector in the telecom industry has seen applications such as SMS, 3G and mobile television. The public is also starting to experience mobile Internet, with most units now equipped with Wireless LAN network technologies. SMS and mobile downloads make up a major chunk of mobile operators. It is therefore important to capitalize on this without sacrificing content and delivery. The government should work alongside operators to ensure that laws are implemented not just in the mobile sector but in the entire telecom industry. Connectivity plays a vital role in economic progress thus it is important to have policies that are appropriate. The telephone, facsimile, Intranet, and Intranet are involved in communication. It plays a big part in transmitting pertinent information, in spreading decision. Thus, is it is important to have sufficient quality support. To do this, it is imperative to involve all players- the users (buyers), operators and businesses (sellers) and the government (regulatory). The government should not just involve the telecomm operators in drafting laws but also the consumers in order to come up with appropriate and pertinent laws. It is a challenge for all concerned parties to come up with polices that benefit all. Speaking of the government, it should embrace convergence to improve its services. Government agencies web sites are sprouting already but the government needs to come up with additional services. For example, doing a government-related query via videoconferencing may save time and effort both for the citizen and the government employee. One does not need to line up in an agency to ask something if he can do so in the comfort of his own home. Convergence impacts everybody. With the global market increasingly becoming competitive, it is important to know how to leverage convergence. Innovation and reinvention do not necessarily equate to satisfaction. There should be a strong commitment in the part of the government, telecomm industry and users to share technological benefits worldwide, to discern all realistic implications and come up with practical solutions, to create technological solutions that would be embraced as a way of life. If all can do that, it would be one step in making this world a better place to live in. How to cite Discuss Computers/ Telecom Convergence and Revolution, Papers

Impact of Hybrid and Electric Cars-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the impact of hybrid and electric cars in the world automobile industry. Answer: Introduction: The report is a discussion on strategic management based on a case study provided. The case study is based on the impact of hybrid and electric car on the worlds automobile industry. A hybrid vehicle makes use of two or distinct power types such as internal combustion engine for driving the electric generator that helps on powering electric motor. An electric car on the other hand is an automobile propelled by electric motors and uses the energy stored in the rechargeable batteries. The report deals with a discussion on impact of production of electric and hybrid cars on the automobile industry through porters five forces. There is also discussion on the strategic options adopted by premium automobile manufacturers like Mercedes and BMW for defending their competitive stance. Impact of Production of Hybrid and Electric Car on the Worlds Automobile Industry using Porters Five Forces Bargaining Power of the Customers The bargaining power of the customers is determined by the presence of a large of competitors (Fabbri and Klapper 2016). The purchase of a car is considered costly and consumers at the same time are quality conscious so they show a greater inclination towards the Western brands. There is a thorough search undertaken by the consumers before they actually they make a purchase. Therefore, a higher criterion for the purchase lowers the bargaining power of the industry because of limited quality offerings. The history in relation to the battery quality of the Chinese electric car shows the fact that buyers prefer brands that ensures best battery range and technology. Producers such as BMW and Tesla should therefore build a charger network that will help them in the expansion of the car range (Porter and Heppelmann 2014). This will not only help them in ensuring a competitive advantage but also ensure offering a complete ecosystem that helps in benefiting the customers. This will also help in decreasing the bargaining power of the consumers. However, at this point it also vital to note that the presence of other hybrid and non-electric cars can contribute in increasing the buying power of the consumers (Abu-Rub, Malinowski and Al-Haddad 2014). However, the difference lies in quality offerings made in the electric vehicle segment that seems to lows the consumer buying power. Moreover, there always lies a probability for the consumers to opt for a substitute and therefore the overall bargaining power of the customers stands at medium (Linxweiler 2017). Threat of Substitutes Threats of substitutes are substantial since there are innumerable alternatives for buying the electric car (Li et al. 2013). The hybrid cars with the combustion engine have dominant share in the market and happen to be the largest competitor of the electric cars of China. The hybrid cars provide same utility as that of the electric car although they differ in the aspect of environmental friendliness. Automakers like the Hyundai and Toyota have made plans for the release of first commercial cars with fuel cell (Hua et al. 2014). Manufacture of such cars also requires huge investment in infrastructure and technology in order to be successful and thereby reach a broader market. This aspect could make them a potential threat in future. Threat of New Entrant The electric vehicle has higher entry barriers and in order to be successful there is a requirement for large amount of capital investment along with specific set of technologies and skills (Wesseling, Faber and Hekkert 2014). There has been a release of patents by Tesla and at the same time pressure from the Chinese government for the electric vehicle producers for sharing their technology for accessing the Chinese market. This provides a platform for the new entrants as they can concentrate on the understanding the technology instead of doing research and development from the scratch (Stringham, Miller and Clark 2015). As a market leader of electric automotives Tesla, is taking initiatives for investment in the new manufacturing plants for increasing their economies of scale and offer affordable products (Bohnsack, Pinkse and Kolk 2014). The Chinese electric vehicle market is predicted to be one of the largest by the year 2019 thereby providing an opportunity for the existence of the new entrants (Zhou et al. 2015). There have been a number of incentives put forward by the Chinese government in support of the battery producers and electric automotive manufacturers (Brown and Zhou 2013). This makes the national as well as the local officials in setting goals for the increase in the number of the environment friendly vehicles. There is however uncertainty about the fact of the amount of goodwill earned by the foreign brands since they are produced locally. The Chinese government however wishes to build and protect the local producers. However, around 26 percent of the car buyers showed interest in the green technology (Sha, Huang and Gabardi 2013). These figures can attract newer entrants and can be a threat to the new players entering the market (Christensen 2013). Many entrants undertake partnership with the local fi rms like the BMW or Mercedes for making an entry. There are also additional barriers that the new entrants have to overcome in spite of the entry strategy. Therefore, the threat of newer entrants ranges from medium to high (Acharya 2014). The Bargaining Power of Suppliers Tesla along with its suppliers in the Industry is secretive and therefore it becomes difficult to derive information regarding the suppliers (Heimeshoff and Klein 2014). Producers of the electric vehicle are however facing higher switching cost because of the higher quality of the parts that were required for the manufacture and there is a limited supply of some of the components. This aspect enhances the power of the suppliers (Fabbri and Klapper 2016). Tesla depends highly on Mercedes-Benz since the company supplies certain interior car parts and components like airbags. It also provides Mercedes with batteries for electric drive of its B class. Thus, higher cost of technology leads to the higher pricing of the electric vehicle in comparison to the conventional cars (Moatti et al. 2015). For instance, the key battery supplier for Tesla is Panasonic and therefore the company tries to impose certain bargaining power since Tesla cannot find a new supplier that produces the similar quality and amount. However, the overall suppliers of the industry comparatively possess higher power since the manufactures relies on few suppliers for providing higher product quality (Van Alstyne, Parker and Choudary2016). Therefore, there exists a trend in the automobile industry where there exist mutual benefits between the producers and the suppliers that help in reducing the bargaining power to medium (Shi, Zhang and Ru 2013). Threat of Rivalry Although the automotive industry considered as highly competitive, the fully electric car industry is not only different but at the same time modestly competitive. Increasing number of companies are making investments in the electric cars. This can make the future market highly competitive (Sperling 2013). There are however fewer options of the electric vehicle in the exclusive segments and they remain differentiated by other attributes and price. The players are mutually dependent since they supply each other and try to expand in the electric vehicle market for making it profitable to all (Colmorn and Hulsmann 2014). Strategic Options Adopted by Automobile Manufacturers for Defending their Competitive Stance Mercedes Mercedes defended their competitive stance by the introducing plug in hybrids. Such hybrids represent a technology on road that leads to emission free future for the automobiles. These hybrids ensure offering the customers best of both the worlds (Mercedes-benz.co.uk 2018). This is because within the city the hybrid versions drive through its electric mode while on longer journeys the range of the combustion engine benefits the car. Further, hybridization also enhances the combustion engine with a unique dynamic performance thereby making the drive absolutely pleasurable. Mercedes have also adopted a strategy for production of batteries and electric vehicles across the globe (Mercedes-benz.co.uk 2018). Mercedes announced that the electric vehicles would be manufactured in the six plants across the three continents thereby setting the ground for the creation of the global battery network that would also ensure production of batteries for vehicles. Mercedes thus have plans of launching the fully electric EQ brand, set for the production in the year 2019. In addition Mercedes will have an investment close to $11million for converting the entire Mercedes Benz category into hybrid or fully electric version by the year 2022. This indicated that the company adopted an aggressive approach for the production of the electric cars compared to the competitors. Although other brands have expressed their ambitious plans regarding electric vehicles, the intention of Mercedes in building the battery range signaled towards the seriousness of the brand in becoming one of the key players in electric market. The doubling down of the battery factories of Mercedes showed that company stands just after t he business of Tesla. BMW BMW defended its competitive stance by creating charging corridors along the greatly travelled routes on the west and the east coast (Bmw.co.uk, 2018). This initiative will help in meeting the growing demand for the publicly available fast chargers of the electric vehicles. The company aims at selling around 100,000 electrified vehicles and by the year 2025, the rise in demand for the plug in hybrids and the electric models would be around 15 to 25 percent of the sale. This is applicable to the electrification of all the models of BMW since they believe in the goal of sustainable mobility. BMW also hedges the bets on future by implantation of plans regarding the hybrid and electric versions of the core nameplates thereby ensuring that all the three varieties come from similar assembly line. The approach will also aid the automakers to keep the factories in a working condition compared to the other plants. BMW also put forward strategy for the development of future proof platforms that have the capacity to handle the power trains and the combustion engine. However, the factors like incentives, regulation and infrastructure for charging plays a vital role in determining the electrification scale from one market to the other. Thus, for reacting appropriately and quickly to the demands of the customer the BMW has ensured developing a flexible system across the global network for production. The group in future will therefore help in creating production structures that helps it in building plug in hybrid, fully electric drive and combustion engine together. Conclusion: The report ends with a discussion on the strategic options adopted by Mercedes and BMW in defending their competitive stance. There is also discussion on the impact of production of the electric and hybrid cars on the automobile industry of the world using porters five forces References: Abu-Rub, H., Malinowski, M. and Al-Haddad, K., 2014.Power electronics for renewable energy systems, transportation and industrial applications. John Wiley Sons. Acharya, C., 2014. Study on Macro Analysis of Automobile Industry with special focus on Four Wheeler Segment. Bmw.co.uk. (2018).Plug-in Hybrid Cars | Model Types | BMW UK. [online] Available at: https://www.bmw.co.uk/model-types/plug-in-hybrid [Accessed 9 Feb. 2018]. Bohnsack, R., Pinkse, J. and Kolk, A., 2014. Business models for sustainable technologies: Exploring business model evolution in the case of electric vehicles.Research Policy,43(2), pp.284-300. Brown, M.A. and Zhou, S., 2013. 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Symptoms And Symptoms Of Concussion Patients Essay Example For Students

Symptoms And Symptoms Of Concussion Patients Essay Concussion patients tend to have distinct symptoms that validate they are concussed. Symptoms may vary from person to person, based on how serious the injury was and how much impact the incident had on the cranial region. Although symptoms differ from person to person, some of the most common signs of a concussion are balance issues, nausea, dizziness, or sometimes blurred vision. These symptoms are easy to recognize, because, as Elaine Landau reveals in her Head and Brain Injuries book, â€Å"The effects of any type of brain damage are usually worst immediately following an injury† (Landau 24). Furthermore, because all concussion patients experience symptoms differently, doctors often determine if the injury was an open or closed head injury first, and then divide symptoms into four categories to better assess and target patients specific needs. We will write a custom essay on Symptoms And Symptoms Of Concussion Patients specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now As outlined in Landau’s work, the two major categories of traumatic brain injuries are penetrating, or open, head injury (OHI) and closed head injury (CHI) (Landau 21). Open, or penetrating, head injuries can cause more trauma to the brain than closed head injuries. Open head injuries are also known as â€Å"penetrating head injuries†, because open head injuries involve something penetrating the skull and tearing its way into the brain, such as a gunshot wound. Landau gives a further, more visual description of this, by explaining how the bullet specifically ruptures the skull and enters the brain. Landau states that, after being shot in the cranium, â€Å"The bullet tears open the scalp, cracks the skull, and scrapes apart the soft tissue as it rips into the brain. Nerve fibers within the damaged area are stretched and torn, and numerous nerve cells are destroyed† (Landau 21). Although a gunshot wou. .eep too much or too little. Doctors stress the importance of regulating sleep patterns, because â€Å"not sleeping well can increase or worsen depression, anxiety, fatigue, irritability, and one’s sense of well-being† (http://www.msktc.org/tbi/factsheets/Sleep-And-Traumatic-Brain-Injury). Inadequate hours of sleep can also cause patients to develop sleep disorders, such as insomnia (difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep) or extreme drowsiness. These are caused by a chemical and physical change in the brain and an individual’s injury affecting the chemicals in their body that help them sleep. As a result, doctors often prescribe certain medications to help regulate sleep patterns (Citing above). The side effects of sleep disorders are what make this dangerous, and it is essential that patients take these necessary precautions to prevent future disorders from forming.