Teaching And Mentoring Experience For Undergraduate Students

Teaching and Mentoring Experience Teaching has been a fundamental component of my academic training. I have been actively involved in teaching, tutoring, and mentoring high school and undergraduate research students throughout my doctoral and postdoctoral work at the City University of New York (CUNY). I taught General Chemistry (I II) laboratory courses and recitation sections at CUNY for four years. I volunteered as a physical chemistry tutor for undergraduate students from CUNY. At St. John s College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, my teaching assignment included a General Chemistry Laboratory course that also involved a synergistic approach to conducting several laboratory sessions guided simultaneously by two instructors. 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Discuss Computers/ Telecom Convergence and Revolution Free Essays

In a global study conducted by IBM and the Economics Intelligence Unit (IEU), around 80 percent of respondents (telecom executives) affirm the importance of convergence in raking in profits (IBM, 2005). Voice and data convergence is seen as the one that would have the biggest effect, with fixed/ mobile access technology, telecom and media convergence, and IP/IT network convergence lagging behind (2005). ‘Convergence’ has been a buzz word way back in the sixties, something that affects technology, economics, legal/regulatory, and human aspects of a society. We will write a custom essay sample on Discuss Computers/ Telecom Convergence and Revolution or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this Information Age, convergence allows us to do more things conveniently. But what but exactly is ‘convergence’? ‘Convergence’ is defined as â€Å"coming together or towards the same point† (Thompson, 1996). The term fits in the telecommunications world for it signifies movement using a single medium. It occurs in four categories- transport, switching, application, and telecommunications/information technology (Fowler, 2002, p. 12). See table below. Figure 1. The Four Levels of Convergence (Fowler, 2002, p. 13) The idea behind convergence is that it should not just improve productivity, but also provide a better Return on Investment (Fowler, 2002, p. 15). Convergence, by any means, is aimed to provide make life easier both for the manufacturer (lower cost, easier management, less maintenance) and at the consumer-end (easy to use, new or improved services) In the 1960s, convergence in the transport level began, with the conversion of the telephone system to digitalization, bringing us the first T-carrier services (p. 12). Since it was barely new at that time, the Bell System was able to monopolize these services (p. 12). On the other hand, convergence at the switching level initially went by the term integration (Fowler, 2002, p. 3). Every seven years, an integrated solution is presented. A rundown of these is presented below: 1975: Satellite Business Systems’ The One- a digital controller with satellite access for integrated voice, data, and video 1982: Integrated Voice/ data private branch exchange or PBX 1988: Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) 1995: Broadband ISDN or BISDN (p. 13) Some of these so-called ‘integrations’ were huge hits but on the whole, they fizzled out. Sprint, for instance, lost around $ billion when its Integrated-On-Demand (ION) services panned out (Fowler, 2002, p. 4). ION was targeted as a solution to those numerous voice and data networks by allowing the users to do voice, data, video, Intranet/Internet and fax applications utilizing a single connection (p. 14). However, the company was able to sign up around 4000 customers only (p. 14). Even its VP of Design has admitted having problems brought on by ION (p. 14). Convergence at the application level pertains to information delivery from various sources, whether data, audio, video or graphics (Fowler, 2002, p. 24). The Internet and the intranet are examples of this. In this Information Age, the Internet has become the greatest source of information of practically anything. Users have infiltrated it so much that one click on the Internet could come up with millions of user-generated content. Time Magazine has seen this phenomenon, naming the people or â€Å"you† as its Person of the Year 2006 in its year-ender issue. Even video uploading has crept into the World Wide Web, with over 65,000 new videos uploaded every day (Cloud, 2006, p. 46). Convergence at the telecommunications/IT deals with accessing a single resource to do multiple chores (Fowler, 2003, p. 5). In a way, it is an integration of transport, switching and telecommunication and a wider scale. For example ASP or Application Service Providers are IT-based processing units that divest certain tasks from web sites. ASP is currently losing its own battle with companies taking of ASP-units. The IBM study indicates that the drive towards convergence is brought on by four things- competition, demand for broadband access, technological innovation, and IP- networks- enabled income growth (IBM, 2005). These set the motion for telecom convergence. In a research conducted by the Deloitte Touche group, it found out that convergence may cause also problems for the industry. The group interviewed telecom executives to assess telecoms predictions. Among its findings is the continuous need to innovate and reinvent. The Internet, for instance, has reached its peak with its explosive growth (Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu, 2007, p. 4). Demand is high which may lead to a growth in traffic. More so now with the demand of online videos, this may affect the transfer on the Internet’s backbone (p. 4). This very same influx may likewise clog the system, thereby slowing down its service. It is important to note that any Internet viewer wants high-speed access. Any service slowdown, even just in seconds, may case customer satisfaction. This should serve as a precaution to telecom businesses. It may also open a window to new technologies to address these problems. Broadband application is very much in demand now. Companies should take advantage of this. Either they are able to supply the demand or bold enough create other broadband appliances other than the Internet. Broadband appliances could usher in a new era in telecom convergence. Moving on. The mobile sector in the telecom industry has seen applications such as SMS, 3G and mobile television. The public is also starting to experience mobile Internet, with most units now equipped with Wireless LAN network technologies. SMS and mobile downloads make up a major chunk of mobile operators. It is therefore important to capitalize on this without sacrificing content and delivery. The government should work alongside operators to ensure that laws are implemented not just in the mobile sector but in the entire telecom industry. Connectivity plays a vital role in economic progress thus it is important to have policies that are appropriate. The telephone, facsimile, Intranet, and Intranet are involved in communication. It plays a big part in transmitting pertinent information, in spreading decision. Thus, is it is important to have sufficient quality support. To do this, it is imperative to involve all players- the users (buyers), operators and businesses (sellers) and the government (regulatory). The government should not just involve the telecomm operators in drafting laws but also the consumers in order to come up with appropriate and pertinent laws. It is a challenge for all concerned parties to come up with polices that benefit all. Speaking of the government, it should embrace convergence to improve its services. Government agencies web sites are sprouting already but the government needs to come up with additional services. For example, doing a government-related query via videoconferencing may save time and effort both for the citizen and the government employee. One does not need to line up in an agency to ask something if he can do so in the comfort of his own home. Convergence impacts everybody. With the global market increasingly becoming competitive, it is important to know how to leverage convergence. Innovation and reinvention do not necessarily equate to satisfaction. There should be a strong commitment in the part of the government, telecomm industry and users to share technological benefits worldwide, to discern all realistic implications and come up with practical solutions, to create technological solutions that would be embraced as a way of life. If all can do that, it would be one step in making this world a better place to live in. How to cite Discuss Computers/ Telecom Convergence and Revolution, Papers

Impact of Hybrid and Electric Cars-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the impact of hybrid and electric cars in the world automobile industry. Answer: Introduction: The report is a discussion on strategic management based on a case study provided. The case study is based on the impact of hybrid and electric car on the worlds automobile industry. A hybrid vehicle makes use of two or distinct power types such as internal combustion engine for driving the electric generator that helps on powering electric motor. An electric car on the other hand is an automobile propelled by electric motors and uses the energy stored in the rechargeable batteries. The report deals with a discussion on impact of production of electric and hybrid cars on the automobile industry through porters five forces. There is also discussion on the strategic options adopted by premium automobile manufacturers like Mercedes and BMW for defending their competitive stance. Impact of Production of Hybrid and Electric Car on the Worlds Automobile Industry using Porters Five Forces Bargaining Power of the Customers The bargaining power of the customers is determined by the presence of a large of competitors (Fabbri and Klapper 2016). The purchase of a car is considered costly and consumers at the same time are quality conscious so they show a greater inclination towards the Western brands. There is a thorough search undertaken by the consumers before they actually they make a purchase. Therefore, a higher criterion for the purchase lowers the bargaining power of the industry because of limited quality offerings. The history in relation to the battery quality of the Chinese electric car shows the fact that buyers prefer brands that ensures best battery range and technology. Producers such as BMW and Tesla should therefore build a charger network that will help them in the expansion of the car range (Porter and Heppelmann 2014). This will not only help them in ensuring a competitive advantage but also ensure offering a complete ecosystem that helps in benefiting the customers. This will also help in decreasing the bargaining power of the consumers. However, at this point it also vital to note that the presence of other hybrid and non-electric cars can contribute in increasing the buying power of the consumers (Abu-Rub, Malinowski and Al-Haddad 2014). However, the difference lies in quality offerings made in the electric vehicle segment that seems to lows the consumer buying power. Moreover, there always lies a probability for the consumers to opt for a substitute and therefore the overall bargaining power of the customers stands at medium (Linxweiler 2017). Threat of Substitutes Threats of substitutes are substantial since there are innumerable alternatives for buying the electric car (Li et al. 2013). The hybrid cars with the combustion engine have dominant share in the market and happen to be the largest competitor of the electric cars of China. The hybrid cars provide same utility as that of the electric car although they differ in the aspect of environmental friendliness. Automakers like the Hyundai and Toyota have made plans for the release of first commercial cars with fuel cell (Hua et al. 2014). Manufacture of such cars also requires huge investment in infrastructure and technology in order to be successful and thereby reach a broader market. This aspect could make them a potential threat in future. Threat of New Entrant The electric vehicle has higher entry barriers and in order to be successful there is a requirement for large amount of capital investment along with specific set of technologies and skills (Wesseling, Faber and Hekkert 2014). There has been a release of patents by Tesla and at the same time pressure from the Chinese government for the electric vehicle producers for sharing their technology for accessing the Chinese market. This provides a platform for the new entrants as they can concentrate on the understanding the technology instead of doing research and development from the scratch (Stringham, Miller and Clark 2015). As a market leader of electric automotives Tesla, is taking initiatives for investment in the new manufacturing plants for increasing their economies of scale and offer affordable products (Bohnsack, Pinkse and Kolk 2014). The Chinese electric vehicle market is predicted to be one of the largest by the year 2019 thereby providing an opportunity for the existence of the new entrants (Zhou et al. 2015). There have been a number of incentives put forward by the Chinese government in support of the battery producers and electric automotive manufacturers (Brown and Zhou 2013). This makes the national as well as the local officials in setting goals for the increase in the number of the environment friendly vehicles. There is however uncertainty about the fact of the amount of goodwill earned by the foreign brands since they are produced locally. The Chinese government however wishes to build and protect the local producers. However, around 26 percent of the car buyers showed interest in the green technology (Sha, Huang and Gabardi 2013). These figures can attract newer entrants and can be a threat to the new players entering the market (Christensen 2013). Many entrants undertake partnership with the local fi rms like the BMW or Mercedes for making an entry. There are also additional barriers that the new entrants have to overcome in spite of the entry strategy. Therefore, the threat of newer entrants ranges from medium to high (Acharya 2014). The Bargaining Power of Suppliers Tesla along with its suppliers in the Industry is secretive and therefore it becomes difficult to derive information regarding the suppliers (Heimeshoff and Klein 2014). Producers of the electric vehicle are however facing higher switching cost because of the higher quality of the parts that were required for the manufacture and there is a limited supply of some of the components. This aspect enhances the power of the suppliers (Fabbri and Klapper 2016). Tesla depends highly on Mercedes-Benz since the company supplies certain interior car parts and components like airbags. It also provides Mercedes with batteries for electric drive of its B class. Thus, higher cost of technology leads to the higher pricing of the electric vehicle in comparison to the conventional cars (Moatti et al. 2015). For instance, the key battery supplier for Tesla is Panasonic and therefore the company tries to impose certain bargaining power since Tesla cannot find a new supplier that produces the similar quality and amount. However, the overall suppliers of the industry comparatively possess higher power since the manufactures relies on few suppliers for providing higher product quality (Van Alstyne, Parker and Choudary2016). Therefore, there exists a trend in the automobile industry where there exist mutual benefits between the producers and the suppliers that help in reducing the bargaining power to medium (Shi, Zhang and Ru 2013). Threat of Rivalry Although the automotive industry considered as highly competitive, the fully electric car industry is not only different but at the same time modestly competitive. Increasing number of companies are making investments in the electric cars. This can make the future market highly competitive (Sperling 2013). There are however fewer options of the electric vehicle in the exclusive segments and they remain differentiated by other attributes and price. The players are mutually dependent since they supply each other and try to expand in the electric vehicle market for making it profitable to all (Colmorn and Hulsmann 2014). Strategic Options Adopted by Automobile Manufacturers for Defending their Competitive Stance Mercedes Mercedes defended their competitive stance by the introducing plug in hybrids. Such hybrids represent a technology on road that leads to emission free future for the automobiles. These hybrids ensure offering the customers best of both the worlds (Mercedes-benz.co.uk 2018). This is because within the city the hybrid versions drive through its electric mode while on longer journeys the range of the combustion engine benefits the car. Further, hybridization also enhances the combustion engine with a unique dynamic performance thereby making the drive absolutely pleasurable. Mercedes have also adopted a strategy for production of batteries and electric vehicles across the globe (Mercedes-benz.co.uk 2018). Mercedes announced that the electric vehicles would be manufactured in the six plants across the three continents thereby setting the ground for the creation of the global battery network that would also ensure production of batteries for vehicles. Mercedes thus have plans of launching the fully electric EQ brand, set for the production in the year 2019. In addition Mercedes will have an investment close to $11million for converting the entire Mercedes Benz category into hybrid or fully electric version by the year 2022. This indicated that the company adopted an aggressive approach for the production of the electric cars compared to the competitors. Although other brands have expressed their ambitious plans regarding electric vehicles, the intention of Mercedes in building the battery range signaled towards the seriousness of the brand in becoming one of the key players in electric market. The doubling down of the battery factories of Mercedes showed that company stands just after t he business of Tesla. BMW BMW defended its competitive stance by creating charging corridors along the greatly travelled routes on the west and the east coast (Bmw.co.uk, 2018). This initiative will help in meeting the growing demand for the publicly available fast chargers of the electric vehicles. The company aims at selling around 100,000 electrified vehicles and by the year 2025, the rise in demand for the plug in hybrids and the electric models would be around 15 to 25 percent of the sale. This is applicable to the electrification of all the models of BMW since they believe in the goal of sustainable mobility. BMW also hedges the bets on future by implantation of plans regarding the hybrid and electric versions of the core nameplates thereby ensuring that all the three varieties come from similar assembly line. The approach will also aid the automakers to keep the factories in a working condition compared to the other plants. BMW also put forward strategy for the development of future proof platforms that have the capacity to handle the power trains and the combustion engine. However, the factors like incentives, regulation and infrastructure for charging plays a vital role in determining the electrification scale from one market to the other. Thus, for reacting appropriately and quickly to the demands of the customer the BMW has ensured developing a flexible system across the global network for production. The group in future will therefore help in creating production structures that helps it in building plug in hybrid, fully electric drive and combustion engine together. Conclusion: The report ends with a discussion on the strategic options adopted by Mercedes and BMW in defending their competitive stance. There is also discussion on the impact of production of the electric and hybrid cars on the automobile industry of the world using porters five forces References: Abu-Rub, H., Malinowski, M. and Al-Haddad, K., 2014.Power electronics for renewable energy systems, transportation and industrial applications. John Wiley Sons. Acharya, C., 2014. Study on Macro Analysis of Automobile Industry with special focus on Four Wheeler Segment. Bmw.co.uk. (2018).Plug-in Hybrid Cars | Model Types | BMW UK. [online] Available at: https://www.bmw.co.uk/model-types/plug-in-hybrid [Accessed 9 Feb. 2018]. Bohnsack, R., Pinkse, J. and Kolk, A., 2014. Business models for sustainable technologies: Exploring business model evolution in the case of electric vehicles.Research Policy,43(2), pp.284-300. Brown, M.A. and Zhou, S., 2013. Smart?grid policies: an international review.Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment,2(2), pp.121-139. Christensen, C., 2013.The innovator's dilemma: when new technologies cause great firms to fail. Harvard Business Review Press. Colmorn, R. and Hlsmann, M., 2014. Strategic perspectives for electric mobility: some considerations about the automotive industry. InEvolutionary Paths Towards the Mobility Patterns of the Future(pp. 155-168). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Dobbs, M., 2014. Guidelines for applying Porter's five forces framework: a set of industry analysis templates.Competitiveness Review,24(1), pp.32-45. Fabbri, D. and Klapper, L.F., 2016. Bargaining power and trade credit.Journal of Corporate Finance,41, pp.66-80. Fabbri, D. and Klapper, L.F., 2016. Bargaining power and trade credit.Journal of Corporate Finance,41, pp.66-80. Heimeshoff, U. and Klein, G., 2014. Bargaining Power and Local Heroes Hua, T., Ahluwalia, R., Eudy, L., Singer, G., Jermer, B., Asselin-Miller, N., Wessel, S., Patterson, T. and Marcinkoski, J., 2014. Status of hydrogen fuel cell electric buses worldwide.Journal of Power Sources,269, pp.975-993. Li, X., Clark, C.D., Jensen, K.L., Yen, S.T. and English, B.C., 2013. Consumer purchase intentions for flexible-fuel and hybrid-electric vehicles.Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment,18, pp.9-15. Linxweiler, J.A., 2017. Sensitive Analysis of Tesla Motors, Inc. Mercedes-benz.co.uk. (2018).Discover Mercedes-Benz World - Mercedes-Benz Cars UK. [online] Available at: https://www.mercedes-benz.co.uk/passengercars/the-brand/mercedes-benz-world.html [Accessed 9 Feb. 2018 Mercedes-benz.co.uk. 2018.eMobility - Electric Cars - Mercedes-Benz UK. [online] Available at:https://www.mercedes-benz.co.uk/passengercars/mercedes-benz-cars/emobility/emobility.html [Accessed 9 Feb. 2018]. Moatti, V., Ren, C.R., Anand, J. and Dussauge, P., 2015. Disentangling the performance effects of efficiency and bargaining power in horizontal growth strategies: An empirical investigation in the global retail industry.Strategic Management Journal,36(5), pp.745-757. Porter, M.E. and Heppelmann, J.E., 2014. How smart, connected products are transforming competition.Harvard Business Review,92(11), pp.64-88. Sha, S., Huang, T. and Gabardi, E., 2013. Upward mobility: The future of Chinas premium car market.McKinsey Company: Automotive Assembly Practice. Shi, R., Zhang, J. and Ru, J., 2013. Impacts of power structure on supply chains with uncertain demand.Production and operations Management,22(5), pp.1232-1249. Sperling, D., 2013.Future drive: Electric vehicles and sustainable transportation. Island Press. Stringham, E.P., Miller, J.K. and Clark, J.R., 2015. Overcoming barriers to entry in an established industry: Tesla Motors.California Management Review,57(4), pp.85-103. Van Alstyne, M.W., Parker, G.G. and Choudary, S.P., 2016. Pipelines, platforms, and the new rules of strategy.Harvard Business Review,94(4), pp.54-62. Wesseling, J.H., Faber, J. and Hekkert, M.P., 2014. How competitive forces sustain electric vehicle development.Technological Forecasting and Social Change,81, pp.154-164. Zhou, Y., Wang, M., Hao, H., Johnson, L. and Wang, H., 2015. Plug-in electric vehicle market penetration and incentives: a global review.Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change,20(5), pp.777-795.